Assoc. Prof. Makarim Hisham Muhammad, from the Department of Pharmacy Technologies at the Technical Institute / Kufa, was awarded a PhD degree from the College of Science / University of Kufa for her thesis titled
Integrative Evaluation of Physiological and Immunological Biomarkers for Predicting the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Supervised by Prof. Dr. Arshad Nouri Ghani Al-Dujayli.
The thesis aimed to evaluate four biomarkers includes Mucin-4 (MUC4), Prokineticin-1 (PROK1), Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1), and Glycodelin-A (GdA) to predict the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in women.
The study found that MUC4 levels increase significantly, while PROK1, PD-1, and GdA levels decrease, which is associated with impaired immune tolerance and an inflammatory response in affected women compared with healthy controls—suggesting that these levels can be used as biomarkers to predict the condition.
The results also showed that the severity of the condition is linked to younger age, obesity, a higher number of miscarriages, and gestational age. In contrast, the family history showed no significant effect.
The thesis was approved with distinction (excellent).
Congratulations to Dr. Makarim, and wishing her continued scientific achievements and more success.
